Urticaria, or hives, is a common skin condition marked by “raised, red, itchy welts.” They can vary in size, appear on the face, arms, legs, or trunk, and often fade within hours or days. Although usually harmless, they may return repeatedly, affecting quality of life.

The reaction happens when mast cells release histamine, causing small blood vessels to leak fluid and form swollen welts. Symptoms include hives with pale centers and red edges, intense itching, and the fact that “individual welts usually disappear in less than 24 hours without leaving a mark.” Some cases also involve angioedema, which causes deeper swelling of eyelids, lips, hands, or throat. If breathing is affected, it’s a medical emergency.

Urticaria is classified by duration: acute (less than six weeks, often with a clear cause) or chronic (lasting longer, sometimes without an identifiable trigger). Inducible types include dermographism (scratching), cold urticaria, pressure urticaria, solar urticaria, and cholinergic urticaria (from heat or exercise).

Common triggers include food, medications, insect bites, infections, and physical factors. Stress may worsen symptoms. Chronic urticaria often has autoimmune origins.

Diagnosis is based on history and examination. Treatment focuses on relief: “antihistamines are the mainstay of treatment,” while corticosteroids may be used briefly for severe cases. Avoiding known triggers is essential.