Earwax, also known as cerumen, is a natural substance produced by glands in the ear canal. It plays an important role in protecting the ear by trapping dust, dirt, and microorganisms, preventing them from reaching the eardrum. Earwax also has moisturizing properties that help prevent the skin inside the ear from becoming dry or irritated. Additionally, it has some antibacterial properties, offering protection against infections.
Normally, earwax moves out of the ear naturally, where it dries up and falls out. However, in some cases, it can build up and lead to blockages, causing symptoms like hearing loss, earache, ringing in the ear (tinnitus), or dizziness.
For most people, regular cleaning of the outer ear with a damp cloth is sufficient. In cases of excessive earwax buildup, it’s recommended to seek professional removal rather than using cotton swabs or other tools, which can push the wax deeper and cause more harm. Over-the-counter ear drops can sometimes help soften the wax.