Bruising, or ecchymosis, happens when tiny blood vessels break under the skin, causing blood to leak into nearby tissue. It often appears blue or purple, fading to yellow or green as it heals. Most bruises are harmless, but frequent, large, or unexplained ones can signal underlying issues.

**Common Causes**
Minor bumps, exercise, or mild injuries are typical causes. However, vitamin deficiencies can worsen bruising. “A deficiency in vitamin C can cause capillaries to break more easily,” while lack of vitamin K affects clotting. Low levels of vitamins D, B12, or folate can also slow healing.

**Supplements and Medications**
Some blood-thinning supplements (like fish oil, ginseng, and garlic) and medications (such as aspirin, anticoagulants, steroids, or certain antidepressants) may increase bruising risk. If you’re on any of these, “monitor your bruising and talk to your doctor.”

**Other Risk Factors**
Aging and sun damage thin the skin and weaken vessels. Conditions like diabetes, liver disease, or blood disorders (e.g., leukemia, hemophilia) can cause unusual bruising.

**Treatment and When to Seek Help**
Use the RICE method (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) within 48 hours. Switch to warm compresses later. Avoid aspirin or ibuprofen—opt for acetaminophen if needed.
Seek medical advice if bruises are unexplained, painful, long-lasting, or accompanied by other bleeding.