The Department of Homeland Security has launched an investigation into the state of California over allegations that its Cash Assistance Program for Immigrants (CAPI) improperly granted federal benefits to individuals residing in the U.S. illegally. At the heart of the probe is a subpoena for records from the Los Angeles County Department of Public Social Services, covering documents dating back to January 2021. Authorities are examining whether ineligible individuals—those barred from receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) due to their immigration status—accessed public assistance through CAPI, a program intended for aged, blind, and disabled non-citizens with lawful status. DHS Secretary Kristi Noem stated that this is part of a broader initiative to prevent financial incentives for illegal immigration and to uphold federal law regarding benefit eligibility.

The investigation follows an April 2025 memorandum signed by President Donald Trump, directing federal agencies to prevent ineligible illegal immigrants from receiving Social Security benefits. The directive also emphasizes enforcement against states potentially violating federal welfare laws. While legal experts note that CAPI has strict eligibility requirements, the probe raises questions about whether it was administered properly. Governor Gavin Newsom’s office maintains that the program only serves individuals with lawful status or legal protections, including victims of trafficking and crime. However, the DHS contends that more than 2 million ineligible immigrants received Social Security Numbers in fiscal year 2024, suggesting potential systemic abuse. The outcome of the investigation could have far-reaching implications for California and similar programs in other states.